> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://whitepaper.integralayer.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://whitepaper.integralayer.com/integra-the-real-estate-layer-1/blockchain-architecture.md).

# Blockchain Architecture

These values represent the initial mainnet configuration. Testnet deployments may use different parameters to facilitate experimentation, and all network settings remain subject to adjustment through on-chain governance.

#### **Network Architecture**

* Framework: Cosmos SDK
* Execution Layer: Cosmos SDK EVM execution layer (Ethermint-derived fork, fork version and commit hash in technical appendix)
* Consensus: CometBFT (Byzantine Fault Tolerance)
* Native Token: IRL (denom: irl, 18 decimals)
* Core Modules: Asset Passport, Global Orderbook, Compliance, Staking, Native Stablecoin, Governance
* Interfaces: Ethereum JSON-RPC, WebSocket, Cosmos RPC, REST, gRPC

#### **Consensus & Validator Set**

Integra uses a Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) model:

* Active validator set: 7–15 at launch, expanding via governance with documented admission criteria
* Bonding denom: IRL
* Minimum self-delegation: 50,000 IRL (with KYC/compliance admission requirements as the primary gating mechanism)
* Unbonding period: 21 days
* Block time: \~6 seconds
* Finality: deterministic BFT finality at block commit, assuming less than one-third of voting power is Byzantine; in normal operation, committed blocks are not reverted.

Validators produce blocks, participate in consensus, and enforce network security. Delegators stake IRL to validators and share rewards and governance rights.

#### **Slashing, Liveness & Security Parameters**

To maintain integrity and reliability, Integra enforces strict slashing rules:

* **Signed-blocks window:** 100 blocks
* **Minimum signed per window:** 50%
* **Jail time for downtime:** 10 minutes
* **Slash for downtime:** 1% of stake
* **Slash for double-signing:** 5% of stake

These values may evolve, but they reflect a production-ready, institutional-grade configuration.

#### **Developer Environment**

Solidity 0.8+, Hardhat, Remix, ethers.js, web3.js, MetaMask support

Broad compatibility with Hardhat and standard EVM tooling (known edge cases with eth\_getLogs, debug\_traceTransaction documented at [docs.integralayer.com/evm-compatibility](https://docs.integralayer.com/evm-compatibility))

#### **Recommended Validator Hardware**

For stable validator operation:

* **CPU:** 4+ cores
* **RAM:** 8+ GB
* **Storage:** 500+ GB SSD
* **Network:** 100+ Mbps
* **OS:** Linux (Ubuntu 20.04+ recommended)

Validators should follow strict security practices: HSM-backed key management, sentry-node topology, hardened firewall rules, VPN-restricted access, and continuous monitoring.